{"id":28879,"date":"2022-01-01T08:46:13","date_gmt":"2022-01-01T07:46:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/?p=28879"},"modified":"2026-02-13T10:47:00","modified_gmt":"2026-02-13T09:47:00","slug":"manfred-eigen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/ca\/2022\/01\/01\/manfred-eigen\/","title":{"rendered":"Manfred Eigen"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Excm. Sr D. Manfred Eigen<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2021\/03\/MANFRED-EIGEN.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23710 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2021\/03\/MANFRED-EIGEN.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100\" height=\"98\" srcset=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2021\/03\/MANFRED-EIGEN.jpg 100w, https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2021\/03\/MANFRED-EIGEN-32x32.jpg 32w, https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2021\/03\/MANFRED-EIGEN-64x64.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/><\/a>Investit doctor honoris causa per la UMH el 7 d&#8217;octubre de 1997.<\/p>\n<p>El director de l&#8217;Institut de Bioingenier\u00eda de la UMH, Bernat Soria, va llegir la laudatio com a padr\u00ed del f\u00edsic i qu\u00edmic alemany Manfred Eigen, durant el transcurs del Solemne Acte d&#8217;Obertura del Curs Acad\u00e8mic 1997-98 i investidura com a Doctors Honoris causa d&#8217;Alfonso Esc\u00e1mez L\u00f3pez, i Manfred Eigen, celebrat en el Gran Teatre d&#8217;Elx.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 14%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-2' class='gallery galleryid-28879 gallery-columns-7 gallery-size-medium'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-4.jpg'><img width=\"300\" height=\"214\" src=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-4-300x214.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-4-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-4-768x547.jpg 768w, https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-4.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-5.jpg'><img width=\"300\" height=\"216\" src=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-5-300x216.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-5-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-5-768x554.jpg 768w, https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-5.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-6.jpg'><img width=\"300\" height=\"216\" src=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-6-300x216.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-6-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-6-768x552.jpg 768w, https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-6.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-7.jpg'><img width=\"220\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-7-220x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-7-220x300.jpg 220w, https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-7.jpg 439w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 220px) 100vw, 220px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-8.jpg'><img width=\"300\" height=\"217\" src=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-8-300x217.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-8-300x217.jpg 300w, https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-8-768x556.jpg 768w, https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-8.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-9.jpg'><img width=\"300\" height=\"216\" src=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-9-300x216.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-9-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-9-768x554.jpg 768w, https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-9.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-22.jpg'><img width=\"300\" height=\"216\" src=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-22-300x216.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-22-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-22-768x552.jpg 768w, https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-22.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-20.jpg'><img width=\"218\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-20-218x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-20-218x300.jpg 218w, https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-20.jpg 435w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 218px) 100vw, 218px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-21.jpg'><img width=\"300\" height=\"216\" src=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-21-300x216.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-21-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-21-768x554.jpg 768w, https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-21.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-18.jpg'><img width=\"300\" height=\"215\" src=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-18-300x215.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-18-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-18-768x550.jpg 768w, https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-18.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-19.jpg'><img width=\"219\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-19-219x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-19-219x300.jpg 219w, https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-19.jpg 437w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 219px) 100vw, 219px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-17.jpg'><img width=\"300\" height=\"295\" src=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-17-300x295.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-17-300x295.jpg 300w, https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-17.jpg 610w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-16.jpg'><img width=\"300\" height=\"216\" src=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-16-300x216.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-16-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-16-768x554.jpg 768w, https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-16.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-14.jpg'><img width=\"300\" height=\"218\" src=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-14-300x218.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-14-300x218.jpg 300w, https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-14-768x557.jpg 768w, https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/files\/2022\/01\/Manfred-Eigen-14.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>Biografia<\/p>\n<p>Naixement: 9 de maig de 1927, Bochum, Alemanya<\/p>\n<p>Defunci\u00f3: 6 de febrer de 2019, Gotinga, Alemanya<br \/>\nConegut per:\u00a0Reacci\u00f3 qu\u00edmica r\u00e0pida<br \/>\nPremis: Premi Nobel de Qu\u00edmica, Premi Paul Ehrlich i Ludwig Darmstaedter<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u00edmic alemany que en 1967 va compartir el Premi Nobel de Qu\u00edmica amb Ronald Norrish i George Porter pels seus estudis cin\u00e8tics de reaccions extremadament r\u00e0pides mitjan\u00e7ant la pertorbaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;equilibri per l&#8217;efecte de polsos d&#8217;energia molt curts. Els procediments de Eigen, utilitzant desc\u00e0rregues el\u00e8ctriques d&#8217;alta tensi\u00f3, van permetre estudiar processos r\u00e0pids tan importants com la neutralitzaci\u00f3 dels \u00e0cids amb \u00e0lcalis o la cin\u00e8tica del tautomerismo *ceto-*en\u00f3lico.<\/p>\n<p>Manfred Eigen, que era fill d&#8217;un m\u00fasic de cambra, va rebre la seua educaci\u00f3 secund\u00e0ria en la seua localitat natal. En 1945 va comen\u00e7ar els seus estudis de f\u00edsica i qu\u00edmica en la Universitat de Gotinga, on es va doctorar en ci\u00e8ncies naturals en 1951 sota la direcci\u00f3 d&#8217;Arnold Eucken. La seua tesi tractava sobre la calor espec\u00edfica de l&#8217;aigua pesant i dissolucions electrol\u00edtiques aquoses.<\/p>\n<p class=\"piefotos\" style=\"text-align: justify\" align=\"right\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.biografiasyvidas.com\/biografia\/e\/fotos\/eigen.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"299\" \/>Manfred Eigen va romandre dos anys m\u00e9s en eixa universitat com a professor ajudant del Departament de Qu\u00edmica F\u00edsica treballant per a Ewald Wicke. En 1953 es va incorporar a l&#8217;Institut Max Planck de Qu\u00edmica Biof\u00edsica, que s&#8217;havia traslladat a Gotinga sota la direcci\u00f3 de Karl F. Bonhoeffer. La influ\u00e8ncia de Bonhoeffer, qui li havia proporcionat unes condicions de treball magn\u00edfiques a Eigen, es va deixar notar en els seus treballs posteriors en el camp de la qu\u00edmica biof\u00edsica.<\/p>\n<p>En el per\u00edode entre 1951 i 1953 ja havia comen\u00e7at els seus estudis sobre reaccions i\u00f2niques r\u00e0pides, animat per les mesures d&#8217;absorci\u00f3 d&#8217;ultrasons dutes a terme pels seus col\u00b7legues Konrad Tamm i Walter Kurtze. En 1953 van publicar un treball conjunt sobre l&#8217;absorci\u00f3 de so per part de diverses dissolucions de sals. En la seua part te\u00f2rica demostraven com l&#8217;absorci\u00f3 pot ser usada per a estimar la velocitat de reaccions tan r\u00e0pides com les que tenien lloc en dissoluci\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>En els anys seg\u00fcents va desenrotllar t\u00e8cniques de mesura que permetien registrar temps per davall del nanosegon. Moltes d&#8217;estes t\u00e8cniques van ser millorades en col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 amb Leo de Maeyer, que s&#8217;havia incorporat al laboratori en 1964. Es va interessar especialment per les reaccions que involucraven protons i al costat de De Maeyer va ser el primer a determinar la velocitat de neutralitzaci\u00f3. A m\u00e9s, van descobrir la conducci\u00f3 an\u00f2mala caracter\u00edstica dels protons en cristalls de gel.<\/p>\n<p>El desenrotllament de la teoria de la relaxaci\u00f3 dels processos que tenen lloc en diverses etapes va ser seguit dels estudis sobre reaccions de complexos met\u00e0l\u00b7lics, en els quals es van investigar reaccions r\u00e0pides d&#8217;un bon nombre d&#8217;ions met\u00e0l\u00b7lics en relaci\u00f3 amb la seua posici\u00f3 en la\u00a0taula peri\u00f2dica dels elements qu\u00edmics. Cap a 1960, el seu treball va derivar cap a la qu\u00edmica f\u00edsica de compostos org\u00e0nics. Es van determinar les etapes interm\u00e8dies d&#8217;una s\u00e8rie de mecanismes de reacci\u00f3 i van verificar experimentalment una teoria general sobre la cat\u00e0lisi \u00e0cid-base.<\/p>\n<p>Simult\u00e0niament va comen\u00e7ar a involucrar-se en q\u00fcestions bioqu\u00edmiques que van acabar per ser el centre del seu inter\u00e9s: els ponts d&#8217;hidrogen en els \u00e0cids nucleics, la transfer\u00e8ncia del codi gen\u00e8tic i els enzims i els l\u00edpids de les membranes. Tamb\u00e9 es va interessar pels processos de regulaci\u00f3 i control biol\u00f2gic i el problema de l&#8217;emmagatzematge d&#8217;informaci\u00f3 en el sistema nervi\u00f3s central. Quasi tots els anys viatjava a Boston amb el seu amic i col\u00b7lega Leo de Maeyer per a discutir assumptes d&#8217;inter\u00e9s com\u00fa amb neur\u00f2legs, bioqu\u00edmicos i biof\u00edsics. Eigen va ser nomenat Membre Cient\u00edfic de l&#8217;institut Max Planck en 1957, director en 1964 i director administratiu entre 1967 i 1970. Tamb\u00e9 va ser triat membre del Consell Cient\u00edfic del Govern de la Rep\u00fablica Federal d&#8217;Alemanya.<\/p>\n<p>Font:<br \/>\nFern\u00e1ndez, Tom\u00e1s i Tamaro, Elena. \u00abBiografia de Manfred Eigen\u00bb. En Biografies i Vides. L&#8217;enciclop\u00e8dia biogr\u00e0fica en l\u00ednia [Internet]. Barcelona, Espanya, 2004. Disponible en https:\/\/<a href=\"https:\/\/www.biografiasyvidas.com\/biografia\/e\/eigen.htm\">www.biografiasyvidas.com\/biografia\/e\/eigen.htm<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Excm. Sr D. Manfred Eigen<br \/>\nInvestit doctor honoris causa per la UMH el 7 d&#8217;octubre de 1997.<br \/>\nEl director de l&#8217;Institut de Bioingenier\u00eda de la UMH, Bernat Soria, va llegir la laudatio com a padr\u00ed del f\u00edsic i qu\u00edmic alemany Manfred Eigen, durant el transcurs del Solemne Acte d&#8217;Obertura del Curs Acad\u00e8mic 1997-98 i investidura com a [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3285,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[651],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28879"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3285"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28879"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28879\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28879"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28879"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protocolo.umh.es\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28879"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}